Nov 22, · Students are often required to write a paper on a topic as broad as World War II, but you should know that the instructor will expect you to narrow your focus to a specific blogger.com is especially true if you are in high school or college. Narrow your focus by making a list of words, much like the list of words and phrases that are presented in bold type below Of the estimated 70–85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. [3] [4] The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Northwestern European Military Situation Maps from World War II Detail of a map of the Twelfth Army Group on June 6, The Twelfth Army Group Situation Map collection provides interesting insights into U.S. Army operations in northwestern Europe during World War Two. The collection covers the time from the June 6th, Allied landings in
World War II Research Essay Topics
Mediterranean and Middle East. World War II or the Second World Waroften abbreviated as WWII or WW2was a global war that lasted from to It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis powers. In a total war directly involving more than million personnel from more than 30 countries, world war ii essay, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effortblurring the distinction between civilian and military resources.
Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the only two uses of nuclear weapons in war to this day. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalitiesa majority being civilians.
Tens of millions of people died due to genocides including the Holocauststarvationmassacresand disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupiedand war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 Septemberwhen Nazi Germanyunder Adolf Hitlerworld war ii essay, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September.
Under the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact of AugustGermany and world war ii essay Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their " spheres of influence " across FinlandRomania and the Baltic states. From late to earlyin a series of campaigns and treatiesGermany conquered or controlled much of continental Europeand formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan along with other countries later on.
Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africaand the fall of France in mid, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empirewith war in the Balkansworld war ii essay, the aerial Battle of Britainthe Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic.
On 22 JuneGermany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Unionopening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.
Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacificwas at war with the Republic of China by world war ii essay In DecemberJapan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacificincluding an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which forced the US to declare war against Japan; the European Axis powers declared war on the US in solidarity, world war ii essay.
Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in after losing the critical Battle of Midway ; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in —including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainlandand Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced it into strategic retreat on all fronts.
Inthe Western Allies invaded German-occupied Francewhile the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and turned towards Germany and its allies. During andJapan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territoriesand the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide and the German unconditional surrender on world war ii essay May Following the World war ii essay Declaration by the Allies on 26 July and the refusal of Japan to surrender on its terms, the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshimaon 6 August, and Nagasakion 9 August.
Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelagothe possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet entry into the war against Japan and its invasion of ManchuriaJapan announced its intention to surrender on 15 August, then signed the surrender document on 2 Septembercementing total victory in Asia for the Allies.
World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe. The United Nations UN was established to foster international co-operation and prevent world war ii essay conflicts, and the victorious great powers —China, France, the Soviet Union, world war ii essay, the United Kingdom, and the United States—became the permanent members of its Security Council.
The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowerssetting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political integration, especially in Europebegan as an effort to forestall future hostilities, world war ii essay, end pre-war enmities and forge a sense of common identity.
It is generally considered that in Europe World War II started on 1 September[1] [2] beginning with the German invasion of Poland and the United Kingdom and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of the war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese World war ii essay on 7 July[3] [4] or the earlier Japanese invasion of Manchuriaon 19 September Taylorwho held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously, and the two wars became World War II in Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October The exact date of the war's end is also not universally agreed upon.
It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August V-J Dayrather than with the formal surrender of Japan on 2 Septemberwhich officially ended the war in Asia.
A peace treaty between Japan and the Allies was signed in World War I had radically altered the political European map, with the defeat of the Central Powers —including Austria-HungaryGermanyBulgaria and the Ottoman Empire —and the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russiawhich led to the founding of the Soviet Union.
Meanwhile, the victorious Allies of World War Isuch as France, BelgiumItaly, Romaniaworld war ii essay, and Greecegained territory, and new nation-states were created out of the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman and Russian Empires. To prevent a future world war, the League of Nations was created during the Paris Peace Conference. The organisation's primary goals were to prevent armed conflict through collective securitymilitary and naval disarmamentand settling international disputes through peaceful negotiations and arbitration.
Despite strong pacifist sentiment after World War I[17] irredentist and revanchist nationalism emerged in several European states in the same period.
These sentiments were especially marked in Germany because of the significant territorial, colonial, and financial losses imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Under the treaty, Germany lost around 13 percent of its home territory and all its overseas possessionswhile German annexation of other states was prohibited, reparations were imposed, and limits were placed on the size and capability of the country's armed forces. The German Empire was dissolved in the German Revolution of —and a democratic government, later known as the Weimar Republicwas created.
The interwar period saw strife between supporters of the new republic and hardline world war ii essay on both the right and left. Italy, as an Entente ally, had made some post-war territorial gains; however, Italian nationalists were angered that the promises made by the United Kingdom and France to secure Italian entrance into world war ii essay war were not fulfilled in the peace settlement. From toworld war ii essay, the Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy with a nationalist, totalitarianand class collaborationist agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-wing and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at making Italy a world powerand promising the creation of a world war ii essay New Roman Empire ".
Adolf Hitlerafter an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government ineventually became world war ii essay Chancellor of Germany in when Paul Von Hindenburg and the Reichstag appointed him. He abolished democracy, espousing a radical, racially motivated revision of the world orderand soon began a massive rearmament campaign. The situation was aggravated in early when the Territory of the Saar Basin was legally reunited with Germany, and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles, accelerated his rearmament programme, and introduced conscription.
The United Kingdom, France and Italy formed the Stresa Front in April in order to contain Germany, a key step towards military globalisation ; however, that June, the United Kingdom made an independent naval agreement with Germany, easing prior restrictions.
The Soviet Union, world war ii essay, concerned by Germany's goals of capturing vast areas of Eastern Europedrafted a treaty of mutual assistance with France. Before taking effect, world war ii essay, though, the Franco-Soviet pact was required to go through the bureaucracy of the League of Nations, which rendered it essentially toothless. Hitler defied the Versailles and Locarno treaties by remilitarising the Rhineland in Marchencountering little opposition due to the policy of appeasement.
A month later, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pactwhich Italy joined the following year, world war ii essay. The Kuomintang KMT party in China launched a unification campaign against regional warlords and nominally unified China in the mids, but was soon embroiled in a civil war against its former Chinese Communist Party allies [26] and new regional warlords.
Inan increasingly militaristic Empire of Japanwhich had long sought influence in China [27] as the first step of what its government saw as the country's right to rule Asiastaged the Mukden Incident as a pretext to invade Manchuria and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo. China appealed to the League of Nations to stop the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after being condemned for its incursion into Manchuria. The two nations then fought several battles, in Shanghaiworld war ii essay, Rehe and Hebeiuntil the Tanggu Truce was signed in Thereafter, Chinese volunteer forces continued the resistance to Japanese aggression in Manchuriaand Chahar and Suiyuan, world war ii essay. The Second Italo-Ethiopian War was a brief colonial war that began in October and ended in May The war began with the invasion of the Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy Regno d'Italiawhich was launched from Italian Somaliland and Eritrea.
Both Italy and Ethiopia were member nations, but the League did little when the former clearly violated Article X of the League's Covenant. When civil war broke out in Spain, Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to the Nationalist rebelsled by General Francisco Franco.
Italy supported the Nationalists to a greater extent than the Nazis did: altogether Mussolini sent to Spain more than 70, ground troops and 6, aviation personnel, world war ii essay, as well as about aircraft.
More than 30, world war ii essay, foreign volunteers, known as the International Brigadesalso fought against the Nationalists.
Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics. The Nationalists won the civil war in April ; Franco, now dictator, remained officially neutral during World War II but generally favoured the Axis.
In JulyJapan captured the former Chinese imperial capital of Peking after instigating the Marco Polo Bridge Incidentwhich culminated in the Japanese campaign to invade all of China. From September to November, the Japanese attacked Taiyuanengaged the Kuomintang Army around Xinkou[39] [ unreliable source? The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanking in December After the fall of Nanking, tens or hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants were murdered by the Japanese.
In MarchNationalist Chinese forces won their first major victory at Taierzhuangbut then the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May, world war ii essay. In the mid-to-late s, Japanese forces in Manchukuo had sporadic border clashes with the Soviet Union and Mongolia, world war ii essay. The Japanese doctrine of Hokushin-ronwhich emphasised Japan's expansion northward, was favoured by the Imperial Army during this time.
With the Japanese defeat at Khalkin Gol inthe ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War [48] and ally Nazi Germany pursuing neutrality with the Soviets, this policy would prove difficult to maintain. Japan and the Soviet Union eventually signed a Neutrality Pact in Apriland Japan adopted the doctrine of Nanshin-ronpromoted by the Navy, which took its focus southward, eventually leading to its war with the United States and the Western Allies.
In Europe, Germany and Italy were becoming more aggressive. In MarchGermany annexed Austriaagain provoking little response from other European powers. Soon the United Kingdom and France followed the appeasement policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and conceded this territory to Germany in the Munich Agreementwhich was made against the world war ii essay of the Czechoslovak government, in exchange for a promise of no further territorial demands.
Although all of Germany's stated demands had been satisfied by the agreement, privately Hitler was furious that British interference had prevented him from seizing all of Czechoslovakia in one operation. In subsequent speeches Hitler attacked British and Jewish "war-mongers" and in January secretly ordered a major build-up of the German navy to challenge British naval supremacy.
In Marchworld war ii essay, Germany invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia and subsequently split it into the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and a pro-German client statethe Slovak Republic.
Greatly alarmed and with Hitler making further demands on the Free City of Danzigthe United Kingdom and France guaranteed their support for Polish independence ; when Italy conquered Albania in Aprilworld war ii essay, the same guarantee was extended to the Kingdoms of Romania and Greece.
The situation reached a general crisis in late August as German troops continued to mobilise against the Polish border. On 23 August, when tripartite negotiations about a military alliance between World war ii essay, the United Kingdom and Soviet Union stalled, [59] the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact with Germany.
Immediately after that, world war ii essay, Hitler ordered the attack to proceed on 26 August, but upon hearing that the United Kingdom had concluded a formal mutual assistance pact with Poland and that Italy would maintain neutrality, he decided to delay it. In response to British requests for direct negotiations to avoid war, Germany made demands on Poland, which only served as a pretext to worsen relations. On 1 SeptemberGermany invaded Poland after having staged several false flag border incidents as a pretext to initiate the invasion.
The alliance provided no direct military support to Poland, outside of a cautious French probe into the Saarland, world war ii essay. On 8 September, German troops reached the suburbs of Warsaw. The Polish counter offensive to the west halted the German advance for several days, but it was outflanked and encircled by the Wehrmacht. Remnants of the Polish army broke through to besieged Warsaw.
On 17 Septemberworld war ii essay signing a cease-fire with Japanthe Soviet Union invaded Eastern Poland [71] under a pretext that the Polish state had ostensibly ceased to exist, world war ii essay. Despite the military world war ii essay, Poland never surrendered; instead, it formed the Polish government-in-exile and a clandestine state apparatus world war ii essay in occupied Poland. Germany annexed the western and occupied the central part of Polandand the Soviet Union annexed its eastern part ; small shares of Polish territory were transferred to Lithuania and Slovakia.
On 6 October, Hitler made a public peace overture to the United Kingdom and France but said that the future of Poland was to be determined exclusively by Germany and the Soviet Union. The proposal was rejected, [64] and Hitler ordered an immediate offensive against France, [75] which was postponed until the spring of due to bad weather.
Essay On World War 2
, time: 2:29World War II - Wikipedia
Of the estimated 70–85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. [3] [4] The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Oct 29, · World War II was a global war that lasted from to Rising to power in an unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist The Holocaust occurred in the broader context of World War II. World War II was the largest and most destructive conflict in history. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime envisioned a vast, new empire of "living space" (Lebensraum) for Germans in eastern Europe by the removal of existing blogger.com Nazi goal to strengthen the German “master race” resulted in the persecution and murder of
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